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55% of patients said that their own or their friends’ and family’s involvement in decisions about their care and treatment was very good.

Province	Poor	Good	Very good	Number of respondents
Nova Scotia	5%	29%	66%	2,873
New Brunswick	6%	32%	61%	5,931
Ontario	12%	33%	55%	44,168
Manitoba	15%	32%	52%	10,835
Alberta	10%	34%	56%	21,294

Note
Data years vary: Ontario, Manitoba and Alberta, 2020–2021; New Brunswick, 2018–2019; and Nova Scotia, 2017–2018.

Nationally, Involvement in Decision-Making and Treatment Options had the lowest proportion of patients reporting the most positive response compared with the other 4 PREMs featured in this report.

Of the PREMs in this report, this measure was the only one that declined between 2019–2020 and 2020–2021; this decrease may be due to the impact of COVID-19 on patient experience in acute care hospitals.

The following 3 key drivers have been identified for the Involvement in Decision-Making and Treatment Options measure. A key driver is a patient experience measure that is strongly associated with or that influences results for this measure. Key drivers can potentially be used as areas of focus when planning quality improvement initiatives. 

For more information on the methodology used in the key drivers analysis, please refer to Acute Care Patient-Reported Experience Measures — Methodology Notes (PDF).

Key drivers: Involvement in Decision-Making and Treatment Options

Emotional Support

Whether patients felt they were supported and helped with any anxieties, fears or worries during their hospital stay.

Received Information About Condition and Treatment

Whether patients felt they received all of the information they needed about their condition and treatment.

Internal Coordination of Care

Whether patients felt there was good communication between doctors, nurses and other hospital staff. This measure also looks at whether patients felt that hospital staff seemed informed about and up to date on their hospital care.

How does patient experience differ across socio-demographic groups?

Hospitals across Canada serve diverse communities with various needs. To support understanding and ensure equitable care in these populations, CIHI’s Canadian Patient Experiences Survey — Inpatient Care (CPES-IC) collects information on several socio-demographic variables, including age, recorded sex or gender, race/ethnicity and education. 

Note
* Percentages do not add up to 100% due to rounding.
 

Note
* At the time the report was published, gender was considered accurate for only the cisgender population (i.e., those whose sex at birth aligns with their gender identity). Collection of gender identities beyond the binary is now possible with the CPES-IC-6M and CPES-IC-20M survey options. 

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Racialized group	Percentage of respondents	Number of respondents
White	79%	294,927
Unknown	6%	23,679
East Asian	4%	15,507
Another	3%	12,942
South Asian	3%	11,845
Black	2%	7,701
Middle Eastern	1%	3,812
Latin American	1%	3,345
First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples	Less than 1%	1,491

Note
* Results for First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples can be requested, with permission from Indigenous authorities, in keeping with CIHI’s policy. 

Exploring patient experiences by different socio-demographic variables can uncover gaps in care and inform tailored programs and services to support an equitable care experience for all patients. For example, while there is little difference between age groups in terms of how they feel about their friends’ and family’s involvement, older patients feel that they themselves are less involved in decision-making and treatment options compared with younger patients. The size of this gap may vary depending on cultural and language differences between patients and care providers; this is important because patient and family involvement is connected to safer, higher-quality care. 

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Percentage of patients responding they were involved as much as they wanted in decisions about their care and treatment, by age and racialized group

Racialized group	Age group (in years) 18–59	Age group (in years) 60–79	Age group (in years) 80+
Another	59%	56%	49%
Black	59%	53%	47%
East Asian	58%	51%	41%
Middle Eastern	59%	53%	42%
South Asian	59%	52%	42%
White	61%	57%	48%

Notes
Data is shown for all provinces and years of available data (2015 to 2021).
Data from Latin American respondents is suppressed due to small numbers. 
Results for First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples can be requested, with permission from Indigenous authorities, in keeping with CIHI’s policy. 

Percentage of patients responding that their family and friends were involved as much as they wanted in decisions about their care and treatment, by age and racialized group.

Racialized group	Age group (in years) 18–59	Age group (in years) 60–79	Age group (in years) 80+
Another	64%	67%	69%
Black	64%	65%	73%
East Asian	63%	65%	69%
Middle Eastern	64%	66%	74%
South Asian	65%	66%	68%
White	66%	66%	68%

Notes
Data is shown for all provinces and years of available data (2015 to 2021).
Data from Latin American respondents is suppressed due to small numbers. 
Results for First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples can be requested, with permission from Indigenous authorities, in keeping with CIHI’s policy. 

The results presented above demonstrate broad, national trends using all available years of data; however, you may find different relationships among the communities you serve. Given the small proportion of respondents in some racialized groups, caution should be taken when interpreting differences between groups. Nevertheless, the socio-demographic information collected from the CPES-IC can uncover new opportunities to improve patient experiences by minimizing health inequalities. For more information on health inequalities, please visit CIHI’s ºìÁì½í¹Ï±¨ equity and population health web page. 

• Impact of COVID-19 on patient experience in acute care hospitals
• Methodology notes (PDF)
• A Path Forward: Toward Respectful Governance of First Nations, Inuit and Métis Data Housed at ºìÁì½í¹Ï±¨(PDF)
• ºìÁì½í¹Ï±¨ equity and population health